(If pounds and feet are used, a conversion factor of 4.88 is used.) When the term BMI is used informally, the units are usually omitted.ī M I = mass kg height m 2 = mass lb height in 2 × 703 īMI provides a simple numeric measure of a person's thickness or thinness, allowing health professionals to discuss weight problems more objectively with their patients. If pounds and inches are used, a conversion factor of 703 (kg/m 2)/(lb/in 2) is applied. The BMI is expressed in kg/m 2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. Additional metrics, such as waist circumference, can be more useful. Nevertheless, due to its simplicity, it has come to be widely used for preliminary diagnoses. Keys explicitly judged BMI as appropriate for population studies and inappropriate for individual evaluation. The interest in an index that measures body fat came with observed increasing obesity in prosperous Western societies. In this paper, Keys argued that what he termed the BMI was 'if not fully satisfactory, at least as good as any other relative weight index as an indicator of relative obesity'. The modern term 'body mass index' (BMI) for the ratio of human body weight to squared height was coined in a paper published in the July 1972 edition of the Journal of Chronic Diseases by Ancel Keys and others. According to Lars Grue and Arvid Heiberg in the Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, Quetelet's idealization of the average man would be elaborated upon by Francis Galton a decade later in the development of Eugenics. Quetelet thought of the average man as a social ideal, and developed the body mass index as a means of discovering the socially ideal human person. Instead, it was a component of his study of l'homme moyen, or the average man. Quetelet himself never intended for the index, then called the Quetelet Index, to be used as a means of medical assessment.

Īdolphe Quetelet, a Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician, and sociologist, devised the basis of the BMI between 18 as he developed what he called 'social physics'. When used to predict an individual's health, rather than as a statistical measurement for groups, the BMI has limitations that can make it less useful than some of the alternatives, especially when applied to individuals with abdominal obesity, short stature, or high muscle mass.īMIs under 20 and over 25 have been associated with higher all-cause mortality, with the risk increasing with distance from the 20–25 range. Major adult BMI classifications are underweight (under 18.5 kg/m 2), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), and obese (30 or more). The BMI is a convenient rule of thumb used to broadly categorize a person as based on tissue mass ( muscle, fat, and bone) and height. The table may also show contour lines or colours for different BMI categories. The table displays BMI as a function of mass and height and may show other units of measurement (converted to metric units for the calculation). The multiplication and division may be carried out directly, by hand or using a calculator, or indirectly using a lookup table (or chart).

The BMI may be determined first by measuring its components by means of a weighing scale and a stadiometer. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m 2, resulting from mass in kilograms (kg) and height in metres (m). Body mass index ( BMI) is a value derived from the mass ( weight) and height of a person.

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